Video:
Audio:
Recommended Reading:
- Powerpoint presentation
- Joseph O’Callaghan’s Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain focuses on the transformation of the Reconquista into a crusade under Innocent III.
- Although now out of print, John Julius Norwich’s The Normans in Sicily is probably the most readable account of the Norman conquest and rule of Sicily.
- F.C. Woodhouse’s The Military Religious Orders of the Middle Ages
- Joseph Strayer’s The Albigensian Crusades is a good narrative of the campaign against the Cathars and also contains a lengthy Epilogue examining the issue of heresy in medieval Europe.
- For more information on medieval Judaism, see Leonard Glick’s Abraham’s Heirs.
Crusades—Domestic – Quiz
- Identify the three Military Orders created during the era of the Crusades.
- In the late eleventh century, the papacy recruited adventurers from _________ to reclaim Sicily from its ninth-century Muslim conquerors.
- Pope Innocent III called the ______________ following the assassination of a papal legate in southern France.
- The centuries-long effort to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula for Christianity following a Muslim conquest in the eighth century was called the ________.
- True/False: The Cathars were condemned as heretics even though their theology was in line with all the Church’s historic creeds.
- Whether because of social restrictions on them or cultural predilections, medieval Jews gravitated toward what profession?
- Why did the Church grant some military actions outside the Holy Land the status of Crusades?
- ___________ was the founder of the Waldensian movement, which was eventually condemned as heretical.
- Knights of St. John (Hospitalers), Knights of the Temple (Templars), Teutonic Knights
- Normandy
- Albigensian Crusade
- Reconquista
- False
- moneylending
- Logistical difficulties involved in traveling to Palestine plus the availability of enemies of Christianity closer to or within Europe.
- Peter Waldo