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Recommended Reading:
- Miller, Stuart Creighton. “Benevolent Assimilation”: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903.
- Schirmer, Daniel B. Republic or Empire: American Resistance to the Philippine War.
- Stromberg, Joseph R. “The Spanish-American War as Trial Run, or Empire as Its Own Justification.” In The Costs of War, ed. John V. Denson.